Which statement is NOT typical of severe turbulence post-stenosis waveform?

Which statement is NOT typical of severe turbulence post-stenosis waveform?

• A. Serration of the peak velocity envelope
• B. Fill-in of the spectral window
• C. Smooth peak velocity envelope
• D. Increased brightness in the spectral display

Answer: (C)

Severe turbulence downstream of a stenosis produces a chaotic mix of velocities, so the Doppler spectrum contains many frequency components. This broadens the spectral envelope, makes the peak velocity envelope appear serrated or jagged, and fills in the spectral window with energy across a wider velocity range. The overall spectral signal also appears brighter due to the increased energy from the turbulent flow. A smooth peak velocity envelope is characteristic of laminar or less turbulent flow, not the chaotic pattern seen with severe turbulence. Therefore, describing a smooth peak velocity envelope is not typical of severe turbulence post-stenosis.

Severe turbulence downstream of a stenosis produces a chaotic mix of velocities, so the Doppler spectrum contains many frequency components. This broadens the spectral envelope, makes the peak velocity envelope appear serrated or jagged, and fills in the spectral window with energy across a wider velocity range. The overall spectral signal also appears brighter due to the increased energy from the turbulent flow. A smooth peak velocity envelope is characteristic of laminar or less turbulent flow, not the chaotic pattern seen with severe turbulence. Therefore, describing a smooth peak velocity envelope is not typical of severe turbulence post-stenosis.